How to add a Protocol in ns2 - NS2 Tutorial #13

How to add a new protocol in ns2

I am going to use the version ns-2.35
protoname was one of the best unicast routing protocol for ns2.

Agent/SIMP

Protoname -> Simp

PROTONAME -> SIMP

protoname -> simp

you can download the  source code from https://www.nsnam.com



There are totally 5 files in the source code

protoname.cc converted to simp.cc 

protoname.h -> simp.h 

protoname_pkt.h -> simp_pkt.h 

protoname_rtable.cc -> simp_rtable.cc 

protoname_rtable.h -> simp_rtable.h

New Protocol Implementation

In this new protocol,  we have to

1. Add the source code (the 5 files given above)

2. existing code modification (within ns2)

3. Make an entry in the Makefile.in

4. Recompile ns2

5. Test the protocol using a TCL file.

Addition of source code is done.

Existing code modification - Very important.

in ns2, inforamtion about compilation is scattered... we need to make modifications at multiple locations. What are the files that are needed for modification.



all the file locations are here.

To add a packet data

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/common/packet.h


to add OTCL Data

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-default.tcl

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl


To add Tracing data

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/trace/cmu-trace.h

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/trace/cmu-trace.cc



To maintain or add a queue

~ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/queue/priqueue.cc


packet.h

We are going to add a packet called as PT_SIMP...

we are done with packet.h

OTCL Data

ns-default.tcl (1 modifications)

ns-packet.tcl (3 modifications)

ns-lib.tcl (2 modifications)

queuing is done in

priqueue.cc (1 modification)

Finally, trace

cmu-trace.cc and cmu-trace.h also done.

Now recompiling ns2.

Before that, copy the source code in to ns2's path.

we have to create a folder simp/ inside the ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/

paste all the files in the above folder.

Make an entry in the Makefile.in, in the variable called as OBJ_CC=/

Make the entry only for the .cc files and not for the .h files.

We have 5 total files, but only two .cc files, so it is enough to make an entry for the two .cc files alone as given below



    simp/simp.o simp/simp_rtable.o \


An entry is made in Makefile.in


Now, compile it using the command

$] ./configure

$] make

To check whether the compilation is successful, check for the .o files according to the .cc files.

Here we have two .o files  called

simp.o

simp_rtable.o

Now testing the protocol with a tcl file. LEt us do that now...

The name of the tcl file is simp.tcl

$] ns simp.tcl

It is my home folder (/home/pradeepkumar/)

Success for getting the output.

Thanks for watching my youtube videos.

Subscribe to my channel and share it to the world.

To download the soruce codes, please follow https://www.nsnam.com

Stay tuned for more lectures..

Download the source code here. 

T S Pradeep Kumar

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Blackhole attack in ns2 - NS2 Tutorial # 12

How to add a black hole attack in AODV protocol in ns2.

https://www.nsnam.com 

You can download the source code here:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LFRrmJM3YXiQT3X1HMSFyS9T9d8oWlIx

Black hole is the basic attack in a network, here we are going mitigate this attack in ns2.

Trust value, based on the trust value, if the value is less, then we can make it as an attacker node.

High trust, medium trust and low trust (integer)

Trusted or not (boolean)

To make a node attacker node (preferanly a black hole attack, how to do that?)

AODV protocol as it is easy to implement in ns2.

Step 1: Declare the attacker variable

We will two files aodv.h and aodv.cc files 

in aodv.h file, 

create a variable name as given below in the protected scope

bool attacker;

Step 2: initialise the attacker variable as false.

In aodv.cc file, initialise the attacker to be false inside the constructor.

Step 3: if a node is a blackhole, what happens to attacker value

in the command() function of aodv.cc file inside the block 

if(argc==2), include the following lines

if(strncasecmp(argv[1], "blackhole") == 0) {

attacker=true;

      return TCL_OK;

    }

Step 4: If the node is an attacker node, what it will do?

if(attacker==true)

{

printf("Packets dropped by node number %d is %d \n",index,t_count++);

drop(p,DROP_RTR_ROUTE_LOOP);

}

Open the terminal and go to ~ns-2.35/ and execute the command 

$] make 

If no errors, in the above logic your compilation is successful.

Step 5: Run the TCL file with AODV protocol, with Attacker code and without attacker code and compare both the results.

$] ns AODV.tcl

You can compare the node with attacker and without attacker

Here is the comparison for an attacker node (node number 5)

When node 5 was an Attacker node, these are the results

Number of generated packets: 4

Number of sent packets: 2

Number of forwarded packets: 2

Number of received packets: 22

Number of dropped packets: 16

Number of lost packets: 0

Number of sent bytes: 204

Number of forwarded bytes: 88

Number of received bytes: 1000

Number of dropped bytes: 472

Minimal packet size: 40

Maximal packet size: 102

Average packet size: 49.6923

When node 5 was a good node, here is the result

Number of generated packets: 446

Number of sent packets: 446

Number of forwarded packets: 443

Number of received packets: 465

Number of dropped packets: 0

Number of lost packets: 0

Number of sent bytes: 373736

Number of forwarded bytes: 347724

Number of received bytes: 348764

Number of dropped bytes: 0

Minimal packet size: 32

Maximal packet size: 1598

Average packet size: 790.4165

You can watch for my forthcoming video (preferably tomorrow) on Tracegraph. Which is used in this tutorial.

Thanks for watching...

Subscribe to my channel and share it to your friends 

Spread the knowledge..

Youtube.com/tspradeepkumar

https://www.nsnam.com 

Stay Tuned...

T S Pradeep Kumar

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Finding Energy, node position and speed in AODV - NS2 Tutorial # 11.1

AODV - Part 2

Finding the node position, energy and speed of the node while it is forwarding a packet.

By default, these codes are not there in AODV, so we are going to modify or append in AODV protocol..

Steps
Step 1:

Open aodv.h and aodv.cc, these two files will be modified

Step 2:

Declare variables in aodv.h file in protected mode


double xpos,ypos,zpos,energy_t;

int n_speed;

MobileNode *t_node;

FILE *fp;


Step 3:

initialize these values inside the constrctor of aodv.cc file


xpos=ypos=zpos=0.0;

n_speed=0;

energy_t=0.0;

fp=fopen("runtime.dat","w");

Step 4:

add the following statements to the forward() function of aodv.cc

fprintf(fp,"Position is X, Y, Z, Node Speed,Energy\n");

t_node=(MobileNode*)(Node::get_node_by_address(index));

((MobileNode*) t_node)->getLoc(&xpos,&ypos,&zpos);

fprintf(fp,"%d %f %f %f",index,xpos,ypos,zpos);

t_node=(MobileNode*)(Node::get_node_by_address(index));

n_speed=((MobileNode*)t_node)->speed();

energy_t=t_node->energy_model()->energy();

fprintf(fp,"%d %d %f\n",index,n_speed,energy_t);


After the above step,

Step5:

recompile ns2 using the command

$] make

Step 6:

run a TCL File and check for the runtime.dat file in the same folder.

$] ns AODV.tcl

You will get a file called as runtime.dat in the same folder.

use the file for plotting any characteristics.

Thanks for watching.

Please share and subscribe to my Video channel.

More lectrures to come.

Youtube.com/tspradeepkumar

https://www.nsnam.com



T S Pradeep Kumar

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AODV simulation in NS2 (Part 1) - NS2 Tutorial # 11

Lecture 11 - AODV - Part 1
Todays topic on AODV protocol

AODV - Adhoc Ondemand Distance Vector
the location of the source code for Aodv is in the folder

~ns-2.35/aodv/

My suggestion is
Always try to understand the header file first.. later you can move on to source file (.cc files)
I will go through aodv.h file first and then aodv.cc file next....
let me explain....

I should know where my work is residing, for example in AODV

should I work on

• Routing Table
• Energy Management
• Quality oif Service
• Link Failure
• Logs or tracing
• Neighbour management
• Attacks (Black hole, gray hole, etc...)
• Security

so prefer to stay at the header files first...
Now the action begins.
how do i modify the AODV protocol as per my small piece of algorithm...
I would like to print the nodes that are forwarding the packets.
Two information will be recorded in a text file separately..

Name of the file: aodv_output.dat data recorded will be: forwarded packet, node index (node number).

For this, please open the aodv.h and aodv.cc file.

Step 1:
add a variable called as pkt_count as an integer in protected scope inside the aodv.h file.

int pkt_count;
Step 2:

Initialize pkt_count with a value 0 in the aodv.cc file (preferably in the constructor)

pkt_count=0;

Step 3:

Since I am going to get the packet counts in a file, i need to create a file pointer. But first let me get the data in the terminal itself. later i will create it in the file.

Also, only during the forwarding of packets, i am going to get the count, so my code will be running inside the forward() function.

Add the following line to the forward() function of aodv.cc

printf("I am packet no %d and from node number %d\n",pkt_count++,index);


Step 4:
Now recompile ns2 using the command make

$] cd ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/

$] make


Once, there are no errors, your code is compiled successfully....

Then, run any wireless tcl script that has the routing protocol as AODV.
I am running AODV.tcl file that was generated in LEcture number 9.

to run that just
$] ns AODV.tcl

$] nam AODV.nam

I need to get this output in a file called as aodv_output.dat
How to do that... Again the same step open, aodv.cc and aodv.h

Declare a file pointer inside the aodv.h file

FILE *fp;

Initialize this file pointer in aodv.cc constructor

fp = fopen ("aodv_output.dat","w");

include the following line in the forward() function of aodv.cc


fprintf(fp,"I am packet no %d and from node number %d\n",pkt_count++,index);

and run the AODV.tcl file and check for a file called aodv_output.dat is created in the same folder where the AODV.tcl is residing.

Thank you for watching..
To download the codes, visit https://www.nsnam.com

and share and subscribe to my youtube channel
Youtube.com/tspradeepkumar
Stay Tuned for more lectures...

T S Pradeep Kumar

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Creation of a New Agent in ns2 - NS2 Tutorial # 10

To create an new Agent in NS2 that describes the OTcl and C++ linkages

We know that the file is stored in the folder
~ns-2.35/pradeep/tspagent.cc

Open the file ns-2.35/Makefile.in and make an entry of your own file (in this case, it is tspagent.cc

Find a vairable inside the Makefile.in called

OBJ_CC=

and make an entry there as shown below pradeep/tspagent.o \

Save the file and open a terminal, go to the folder ~ns-2.35/ and execute the command one by one

$] ./configure
$] make

Correct any mistakes or errors in your .cc file and run the above commands.
Successful OTcl and C++ linkages....

Thank you and Stay tuned for more lectures

Next lecture will be on AODV protocol and its modification.

Refer my website nsnam.com for downloading the source code and refer my videos at

https://www.youtube.com/tspradeepkumar

Share and Subscribe.

Thank you......





Download the files here
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1kaIrYn91xl2NUNNK64cjHrEHyiSJCIiY



T S Pradeep Kumar

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Comparison of AODV, DSR and DSDV in ns2 - NS2 Tutorial # 9

Performance Evaluation of Adhoc Routing Protocols using NS2

Very old Project as well as a topic, but this will give an idea of how to compare multiple protocols or agents.

1 hour Project*

See the video for the full project

* - you should know ns2 already
should know how to write AWK scripts
Should know about energy model
Should know about wireless networks and protocols

To know the above concepts, check my Ns2 Lecture series videos in Youtube and come back to this video

Youtube.com/tspradeepkumar

AODV, DSDV and DSR
AODV - Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector
DSDV - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector
DSR - Dynamic Source Routing

Lcture 8 - AWK Scripts
Average throughput
Instant throughput
Residual Energy
Packet Delivery ratio

To download the source codes, visit https://www.nsnam.com

Going inside the project

Step 1:
Use the same network and same disntace, energy, etc when you compare multiple protocols

Step 2:
Generate Scenario, You need not write the code in TCL (of course you can modify).
We use NSG for creating a network. Refer my lecture series on NSG (NS2 scenario Generator)

$] java -jar NSG2.1.jar

As seen in the GUI, Create a network (for example with 17 nodes) and two nodes are moving
with a interference of 550 metres and tranmission range of 250metres.

Create a network with a AODV protocol

Create two copies of AODV protocol and name it as DSR.tcl and DSDV.tcl

$] cp AODV.tcl DSR.tcl
$] cp AODV.tcl DSDV.tcl


Three files are ready now called
AODV.tcl, DSR.tcl, DSDV.tcl

and now these three files using ns filename.tcl

$] ns AODV.tcl
$] ns DSR.tcl
$] ns DSDV.tcl
I have the three files and got 9 files namely
AODV.tr, DSDV.tr and DSR.tr
AODV.nam, DSDV.nam and DSR.nam

There is no energy coding, i need to implement that

DSR does not obey the queue model as specified for AODV,
Queue/DropTail/PriQueue  is not supported by DSR, we have to go for CMUPriQueue

DSR supports this queue called CMUPriQueue, it should reflect in the tcl code.

All the tcl files run successfully. now we are going to analyse the results and sometime plot the graphs too.

we have already written AWK scripts for Average throughput, instant throughput , residual energy and packet delivery ratio

average_throu.awk
instant_throu.awk
pdr.awk
resenergy.awk

To run these scripts we need awk interpreter as below

$] gawk -f resenergy.awk AODV.tr
$] gawk -f resenergy.awk DSDV.tr
$] gawk -f resenergy.awk DSR.tr

Whenvern you compare multiple protocols
Use three different sets of nodes

Small number of nodes (10 nos)
Medium number of nodes (20 to 30 nos)
Huge number of nodes (upto 100)

beyond 100 nodes, ns2 suffers.

in this case, we did it for 17 nodes only. You can do the rest.
So we are coming to the conclusion

Comparing protocols needs
1. Three minimum protocols (AODV, DSR, DSDV)
TCP, TCPReno, TCPVegas, FullTCP
2. number of nodes (small, medium and huge) as mentioned above, 10 nodes, 30 nodes, 100 nodes
3. Atleast three performance metrics, in this case we have, average throghput, instant througput, residual energy and packet delivery ratio
4. Strong knowledge on the protocols
5. AWK scripts to be known or atleast to be downloaded.
6. Design the network rather than coding the network, use scenario generators for ns2.

Our project is complete!!! Stay tuned
Share and subscribe my youtube channel

Youtube.com/tspradeepkumar
nsnam.com
pradeepkumar.org

pradeepkumarts@gmail.com

Thank you !!! More lectures to come!!!!

Download the TCL Codes from here
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1B4HN87qBg8Pc5LpfWq6ldOSe33ZYtv-6

T S Pradeep Kumar

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AWK Scripts for NS2 - NS2 Tutorial # 8

This is one of the important in ns2 as we are going to analyse the performance metrics of the network

In this session, we are going to see the following metrics.

1. Average Throughput

2. instant Throughput

3. Packet Delivery Ratio

4. Residual Energy of the nodes.


A - Aho

W - Weinberger

K - Keninghan


Easy to implement and process.


BEGIN {
}

{

}

END {

}

In ns2, new trace format, there could be as many as 52 columns. Each column specify some parameters. Viewers are requested to go through these parameters through the documentation.

in aAWK,

$1 refers 1st column

$2 refers 2nd column and so on...


awk can be run using either of these commands

$] awk -f filename.awk filename.tr

or
$] gawk -f filename.awk filename.tr

Average throughput is done

You can download this source code in https://www.nsnam.com

Instant Throughput

with two values to plot the characteristics.

Residual Energy of the individual nodes AND ALSO THE AVERAGE RESIDUAL ENERGY OF ALL NODES.

We have seen four awk scripts

1. Average throughput

2. Instant throughput

3. Packet delivery ratio

4. Residual energy of a node.

Hope you enjoy my lecture.  It takes more time to learn and record.

Please share and subscribe to my channel






Download the source Codes here

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1W0rh2NHgOWMmE4Gx37YssWziRjVdtjM8


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