AWK Scripts are very good in processing the data from the log (trace files) which we get from NS2. If you want to process the trace file manually, here is the detail
Here is a sample of trace file from NS2 (However ns2 supports a new type of trace file also), but this post will make you understand the old trace format only.
r 0.030085562 _0_ MAC --- 0 message 32 [0 ffffffff 1 800] ------- [1:255 -1:255 32 0]
r 0.030110562 _0_ RTR --- 0 message 32 [0 ffffffff 1 800] ------- [1:255 -1:255 32 0]
s 1.119926192 _0_ RTR --- 1 message 32 [0 0 0 0] ------- [0:255 -1:255 32 0]
AWK Scripts are very good in processing the data column wise. For example
the first column in the above trace file represents r, s which indicates receive, sent respectively. If we want to trace the entire r and s alone from this trace file we can represent it as $1
So
$1 represents ACTION
$2 Time
$3 Node ID
$4 Layer
$5 Flags
$6 seqno
$7 type
$8 Size
$14 Energy (if the network nodes includes EnergyModel)
To run the awk script in Linux,
gawk –f filename.awk filename.tr
So, it is necessary for the researchers to know the basics of awk scripts before they are used.
Here this post will let you know some of the scripts that were used to process the data (NB: all these codes were taken from various websites and you can refer those websites for further information).
To find the throughput of the Network
1: BEGIN { 2: recvdSize = 0 3: startTime = 400 4: stopTime = 0 5: } 6: 7: { 8: event = $1 9: time = $2 10: node_id = $3 11: pkt_size = $8 12: level = $4 13: 14: # Store start time15: if (level == "AGT" &;& event == "s" && pkt_size >= 512) {
16: if (time <; startTime) {
17: startTime = time 18: } 19: } 20: 21: # Update total received packets' size and store packets arrival time22: if (level == "AGT" &;& event == "r" && pkt_size >= 512) {
23: if (time >; stopTime) {
24: stopTime = time 25: } 26: # Rip off the header 27: hdr_size = pkt_size % 512 28: pkt_size -= hdr_size 29: # Store received packet's size 30: recvdSize += pkt_size 31: } 32: } 33: 34: END {35: printf("Average Throughput[kbps] = %.2f\t\t StartTime=%.2f\tStopTime=%.2f\n",(recvdSize/(stopTime-startTime))*(8/1000),startTime,stopTime)
36: }To print the Congestion window size
1: BEGIN { 2: 3: } 4: {5: if($6=="cwnd_") {
6: printf("%f\t%f\n",$1,$7);
7: }
8: } 9: END { 10: 11: }To print packet Delivery ratio
1: BEGIN {2: sendLine = 0;
3: recvLine = 0;
4: fowardLine = 0;
5: }
6: 7: $0 ~/^s.* AGT/ {8: sendLine ++ ;
9: }
10: 11: $0 ~/^r.* AGT/ {12: recvLine ++ ;
13: }
14: 15: $0 ~/^f.* RTR/ {16: fowardLine ++ ;
17: }
18: 19: END {20: printf "cbr s:%d r:%d, r/s Ratio:%.4f, f:%d \n", sendLine, recvLine, (recvLine/sendLine),fowardLine;
21: }
22: AWK Script for calculating the Send, Received, Dropped Packets, Received Packets, Packet Delivery Ratio and Average end to End Delay
1: BEGIN {2: seqno = -1;
3: droppedPackets = 0;
4: receivedPackets = 0;
5: count = 0;
6: } 7: { 8: #packet delivery ratio9: if($4 == "AGT" &;& $1 == "s" && seqno < $6) {
10: seqno = $6;
11: } else if(($4 == "AGT") && ($1 == "r")) {
12: receivedPackets++;
13: } else if ($1 == "D" && $7 == "tcp" && $8 > 512){
14: droppedPackets++;
15: }
16: #end-to-end delay
17: if($4 == "AGT" &;& $1 == "s") {
18: start_time[$6] = $2;
19: } else if(($7 == "tcp") && ($1 == "r")) {
20: end_time[$6] = $2;
21: } else if($1 == "D" && $7 == "tcp") {
22: end_time[$6] = -1;
23: }
24: } 25: 26: END { 27: for(i=0; i<=seqno; i++) {
28: if(end_time[i] >; 0) {
29: delay[i] = end_time[i] - start_time[i];
30: count++;
31: }32: else
33: {34: delay[i] = -1;
35: }
36: }37: for(i=0; i<count; i++) {
38: if(delay[i] >; 0) {
39: n_to_n_delay = n_to_n_delay + delay[i];
40: }
41: }42: n_to_n_delay = n_to_n_delay/count;
43: print "\n";
44: print "GeneratedPackets = " seqno+1;
45: print "ReceivedPackets = " receivedPackets;
46: print "Packet Delivery Ratio = " receivedPackets/(seqno+1)*100
47: "%";
48: print "Total Dropped Packets = " droppedPackets;
49: print "Average End-to-End Delay = " n_to_n_delay * 1000 " ms";
50: print "\n";
51: }Example: The following is a wireless network code, name it as a .tcl file and run it using “ns wireless.tcl” (without quotes), a trace file called wireless_mitf.tr will be created.
1: set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;#Channel Type
2: set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model
3: set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type
4: set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
5: set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type
6: set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type
7: set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
8: set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq
9: set val(nn) 2 ;# number of mobilenodes
10: set val(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocol
11: #set val(rp) DSR ;# routing protocol
12: set val(x) 500 13: set val(y) 500 14: 15: # Initialize Global Variables
16: set ns_ [new Simulator] 17: set tracefd [open wireless_mitf.tr w] 18: $ns_ trace-all $tracefd 19: 20: set namtrace [open wireless_mitf.nam w] 21: $ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y) 22: 23: # set up topography object 24: set topo [new Topography] 25: 26: $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) 27: 28: # Create God 29: create-god $val(nn) 30: 31: # New API to config node:
32: # 1. Create channel (or multiple-channels);
33: # 2. Specify channel in node-config (instead of channelType);
34: # 3. Create nodes for simulations.
35: 36: # Create channel #1 and #2 37: set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)] 38: set chan_2_ [new $val(chan)] 39: 40: # Create node(0) "attached" to channel #1
41: 42: # configure node, please note the change below. 43: $ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \ 44: -llType $val(ll) \ 45: -macType $val(mac) \ 46: -ifqType $val(ifq) \ 47: -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \ 48: -antType $val(ant) \ 49: -propType $val(prop) \ 50: -phyType $val(netif) \ 51: -topoInstance $topo \ 52: -agentTrace ON \ 53: -routerTrace ON \ 54: -macTrace ON \ 55: -movementTrace OFF \ 56: -channel $chan_1_ 57: 58: set node_(0) [$ns_ node] 59: 60: # node_(1) can also be created with the same configuration, or with a different
61: # channel specified.62: # Uncomment below two lines will create node_(1) with a different channel.
63: # $ns_ node-config \ 64: # -channel $chan_2_ 65: set node_(1) [$ns_ node] 66: 67: $node_(0) random-motion 0 68: $node_(1) random-motion 0 69: 70: for {set i 0} {$i <; $val(nn)} {incr i} {
71: $ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 20 72: } 73: 74: #75: # Provide initial (X,Y, for now Z=0) co-ordinates for mobilenodes
76: # 77: $node_(0) set X_ 5.0 78: $node_(0) set Y_ 2.0 79: $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 80: 81: $node_(1) set X_ 8.0 82: $node_(1) set Y_ 5.0 83: $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 84: 85: # 86: # Now produce some simple node movements87: # Node_(1) starts to move towards node_(0)
88: #89: $ns_ at 3.0 "$node_(1) setdest 50.0 40.0 25.0"
90: $ns_ at 3.0 "$node_(0) setdest 48.0 38.0 5.0"
91: 92: # Node_(1) then starts to move away from node_(0)
93: $ns_ at 20.0 "$node_(1) setdest 490.0 480.0 30.0"
94: 95: # Setup traffic flow between nodes 96: # TCP connections between node_(0) and node_(1) 97: 98: set tcp [new Agent/TCP] 99: $tcp set class_ 2 100: set sink [new Agent/TCPSink] 101: $ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp 102: $ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $sink 103: $ns_ connect $tcp $sink 104: set ftp [new Application/FTP] 105: $ftp attach-agent $tcp106: $ns_ at 3.0 "$ftp start"
107: 108: # 109: # Tell nodes when the simulation ends 110: #111: for {set i 0} {$i <; $val(nn) } {incr i} {
112: $ns_ at 30.0 "$node_($i) reset";
113: }
114: $ns_ at 30.0 "stop"
115: $ns_ at 30.01 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
116: proc stop {} {117: global ns_ tracefd
118: $ns_ flush-trace 119: close $tracefd 120: } 121: 122: puts "Starting Simulation..."
123: $ns_ runRun the tracefile (wireless_mitf.tr, which will be created when the above TCL program runs) as given in the screenshot.
gawk –f pdf.awk wireless_mitf.tr
The above scripts were taken from http://ns2ultimate.com and http://elmurod.net and through search engines. But if you need any doubt about the scripts, just comment on the section below.
