Skip to main content

PyTorch Code for Simple Neural Networks for MNIST Dataset

C Tokens

Tokens are classified as
  • Keywords
  • Identifiers
  • Operators
  • Constants
  • Special Symbols
Keywords
Keywords are reserved by the compilers and keywords will not be redefined (means the keywords are not been declared as variable names, etc). There are standard 32 keywords in C compiler, and some compilers uses more keywords based on their specification. Here is the list of 32 keywords
auto break case char
const continue default do
double else enum extern
float for goto if
int long register return
short signed sizeof static
struct switch typedef union
unsigned void volatile while

Identifiers
  1. Identifiers are variable names declared inside the program.
  2. They use alphabets, number, symbols like _ and $
  3. They must begin with  alphabet or _
  4. They are case sensitive i.e Var_name is different from var_name
Some valid identifiers are
john Value r_sie x1
x2 Chennai Sum1 abcd
invalid identifiers
123 % (super) 25th
1st ab-d sum of total

Operators
operators are further classified into different categories like
  • Arithmetic operators
+  - for addition   1+3 = 4
-   for subtraction      3 – 2 = 1        
*  for multiplication 4* 2 = 8
/   for Division      4 / 2    = 2
% for modulo  4 % 3 = 1 (when 4 is divided by 3, the remainder is 1)
  • Increment/ Decrement operators
++  increment Ex: a++ or ++a
--  decrement Ex: a—or –a
  • relational Operators
< – less than
> – greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
== is equal to
  • logical operators
&&  - Logical AND
||   - Logical OR
!  - Logical NOT
  • bitwise operators
& Bitwise AND
| bitwise OR
^ bitwise XOR
~ one’s complement
<< shift left
>> shift right
  • Conditional Operators
? : Conditional operator
f =(a>b) ?a : b;
if the condition a> b is true then
a is assigned to f and if false then b is assigned to f
the statement can be rewritten as
if(a>b>
{
f=a;
}
else
{
f=b;
}
  • Other Operators
= assignment operator (this is not equality operator, it just assigns the value to some other variable from right to left assignment)
Example: a=b means b is assigned to a
, comma operator (This is to separate the array variables, etc)
sizeof() operator (to find out the various sizes of the entities like int, char, array size, etc)
  • Special symbols
{} This to begin and end any statement, loop in C program
[] This is for specifying the array index (Ex: int a[10];)
()  This is used for functions in C and helpful for grouping arithmetical operations
Constants
  • Constants is an entity will never changes it value during the execution of the program
  • They are different from variables

  • Integer constant
Examples are 2, –1, 0, 345, 324, etc
  • float Constant
Examples are 3.0, –2.345, 32.56, 4.65
  • String Constant
“abc”, “Pradeep Kumar”
  • Character constant
‘A’, ‘b’, ‘1’
There are two ways to declare a constant
1st way is to define at the preprocessing level
Example is
#define PI 31.4
2nd way is declare inside the program
const int a=3.14;
const is the keyword to define a constant.

 T S Pradeep Kumar

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Installing ns3 in Ubuntu 22.04 | Complete Instructions

In this post, we are going to see how to install ns-3.36.1 in Ubuntu 22.04. You can follow the video for complete details Tools used in this simulation: NS3 version ns-3.36.1  OS Used: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Installation of NS3 (ns-3.36.1) There are some changes in the ns3 installation procedure and the dependencies. So open a terminal and issue the following commands Step 1:  Prerequisites $ sudo apt update In the following packages, all the required dependencies are taken care and you can install all these packages for the complete use of ns3. $ sudo apt install g++ python3 python3-dev pkg-config sqlite3 cmake python3-setuptools git qtbase5-dev qtchooser qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools gir1.2-goocanvas-2.0 python3-gi python3-gi-cairo python3-pygraphviz gir1.2-gtk-3.0 ipython3 openmpi-bin openmpi-common openmpi-doc libopenmpi-dev autoconf cvs bzr unrar gsl-bin libgsl-dev libgslcblas0 wireshark tcpdump sqlite sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev  libxml2 libxml2-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libclang-dev llvm-

Installation of NS2 (ns-2.35) in Ubuntu 20.04

Installation of NS2 (ns-2.35) in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Step 1: Install the basic libraries like      $] sudo apt install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev Step 2: install gcc-4.8 and g++-4.8 open the file using sudo mode $] sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list Include the following line deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main universe $] sudo apt update $] sudo apt install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8 Step 3:  Unzip the ns2 packages to home folder $] tar zxvf ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz $] cd ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35 Modify the following make files. ~ns-2.35/Makefile.in Change @CC@ to gcc-4.8 change @CXX@ to g++-4.8 ~nam-1.15/Makefile.in ~xgraph-12.2/Makefile.in ~otcl-1.14/Makefile.in Change in all places  @CC@ to gcc-4.8 @CPP@ or @CXX@ to g++-4.8 open the file: ~ns-2.35/linkstate/ls.h Change at the Line no 137  void eraseAll() { erase(baseMap::begin(), baseMap::end()); } to This void eraseAll() { this->erase(baseMap::begin(), baseMap::end()); } All changes made Step 4: Open a new termi

Installation of NS2 in Ubuntu 22.04 | NS2 Tutorial 2

NS-2.35 installation in Ubuntu 22.04 This post shows how to install ns-2.35 in Ubuntu 22.04 Operating System Since ns-2.35 is too old, it needs the following packages gcc-4.8 g++-4.8 gawk and some more libraries Follow the video for more instructions So, here are the steps to install this software: To download and extract the ns2 software Download the software from the following link http://sourceforge.net/projects/nsnam/files/allinone/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz/download Extract it to home folder and in my case its /home/pradeepkumar (I recommend to install it under your home folder) $ tar zxvf ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz or Right click over the file and click extract here and select the home folder. $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev gawk To install gcc-4.8 and g++-4.8 $ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list make an entry in the above file deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main universe $ sudo apt update Since, it&#